1.安装依赖
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy python3-dev python3-numpysudo apt-get install libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev出现下面类似错误E: unable to locate libjasper-dev，运行以下命令.
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe"sudo apt updatesudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev 提示没有E: unable to locate libjasper-dev这个包，需要添加数字签名：
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32sudo apt updatesudo apt-get install libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev检查一下有没有漏装依赖（非常重要，否则后续会失败）
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-devsudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-devsudo apt-get install build-essentialsudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-devsudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev # 处理图像所需的包sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev liblapacke-devsudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev # 处理视频所需的包sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran # 优化opencv功能sudo apt-get install ffmpeg需要出现这面这行提示，说明依赖安装好了
2.编译opencv
下载源码
git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.gitgit clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git在opencv文件夹内新建build文件夹
编译
cmake \-D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \ -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH= /home/opencv_contrib/modules \-D CUDA_CUDA_LIBRARY=/usr/local/cuda/lib64/stubs/libcuda.so \-D CUDA_ARCH_BIN=7.5 \-D CUDA_ARCH_PTX="" \-D WITH_CUDA=ON \-D WITH_TBB=ON \-D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON \-D WITH_V4L=ON \-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \-D WITH_QT=ON \-D WITH_OPENGL=ON \-D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=1 \-D CUDA_FAST_MATH=1 \-D WITH_CUBLAS=1 \-D WITH_NVCUVID=ON \-D BUILD_opencv_cudacodec=OFF ..-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH= /home/opencv_contrib/modules需要填写你自己的opencv_contrib路径
-D CUDA_ARCH_BIN=7.5根据你的显卡去官网查看，我的显卡是2060，所以CUDA_ARCH_BIN=7.5（CUDA GPUs - Compute Capability | NVIDIA Developer）
其它地方默认
编译过程需要等待较长时间…………
发现报错，需要将opencv_contrib中的modules中的cudev文件夹复制到opencv/modules里
cp -r /home/opencv_contrib/modules/cudev /home/opencv/modules/继续编译
出现下列提示，说明该步骤成功
执行一下两条命令，安装带gpu的opencv库
sudo make -j7sudo make install3.配置环境
在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/文件夹下有一个opencv.conf，里面需要写入/usr/local/lib。
cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/sudo touch opencv.confsudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > opencv.conf'更新pkg-config：
sudo ldconfig打开/etc/bash.bashrc文件，在最后两行加上这两句话
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfigexport PKG_CONFIG_PATH最后效果如图：
执行这三句
source /etc/bash.bashrcsudo apt install mlocatesudo updatedb4.测试opencv
cd 到/opencv/samples/cpp/example_cmake目录下，依次执行以下命令：
cmake .make./opencv_example该测试需要电脑有摄像头，若启动摄像头看到了画面，说明安装成功；若未启动摄像头，但出现如下显示，也安装成功：
测试GPU功能
新建一个main.cpp文件，代码如下：
#include <iostream>#include <opencv2/core.hpp>#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>#include "opencv2/core/cuda.hpp"using namespace cv;using namespace std;int main() { int num_devices = cv::cuda::getCudaEnabledDeviceCount(); if (num_devices <= 0) { std::cerr << "There is no device." << std::endl; return -1; } int enable_device_id = -1; for (int i = 0; i < num_devices; i++) { cv::cuda::DeviceInfo dev_info(i); if (dev_info.isCompatible()) { enable_device_id = i; } } if (enable_device_id < 0) { std::cerr << "GPU module isn't built for GPU" << std::endl; return -1; } cv::cuda::setDevice(enable_device_id); std::cout << "GPU is ready, device ID is " << num_devices << "\n"; return 0;}新建一个CMakeLists.txt文件，代码如下
# cmake needs this linecmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)# Define project nameproject(ImageShow)# Find OpenCV, you may need to set OpenCV_DIR variable# to the absolute path to the directory containing OpenCVConfig.cmake file# via the command line or GUIfind_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)# Enable C++11set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED TRUE)# Declare the executable target built from your sourcesadd_executable(ImageShow main.cpp)# Link your application with OpenCV librariestarget_link_libraries(ImageShow PRIVATE ${OpenCV_LIBS})运行以下命令：
cmake .make./ImageShow若出现下面信息，则说明Linux上成功安装带GPU加速的opencv库（C++版本）???
5.参考资料
Ubuntu 20.04搭建OpenCV 4.5.0 & C++环境_opencv4 ubuntu20.04-CSDN博客
Linux安装OpenCV4(可选GPU加速） - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
Ubuntu 20.04搭建OpenCV 4.5.0 & C++环境_opencv4 ubuntu20.04-CSDN博客
Linux安装OpenCV4(可选GPU加速） - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
Ubuntu22.04安装opencv依赖包libjasper-dev出现unable to locate libjasper-dev的终极解决办法_ubuntu libjasper库-CSDN博客