当前位置:首页 » 《关注互联网》 » 正文

pywebview桌面程序开发(技术路线:前端+Python,全网独一份!!!!!!)

27 人参与  2024年04月06日 11:20  分类 : 《关注互联网》  评论

点击全文阅读


一、pywebview

官网:https://pywebview.flowrl.com/

1、简介

pywebview声称Build GUI for your Python program with JavaScript, HTML, and CSS。就是可以使用web技术来实现桌面应用程序开发。其内核我理解仍然是浏览器,只不过将浏览器封装成系统窗口,这样就可以将web无缝切换到桌面应用,相比pyQt等重武器还是比较方便的。

对于目前比较火的electron,Python的加入给应用程序提供了上限,据说打包的大小也比electron小。

2、安装

pip install pywebview

Hello world 的demo:

import webviewwebview.create_window('Hello world', 'https://pywebview.flowrl.com/')webview.start()

3、依赖

windows程序依赖pythonnet(要求 > .NET 4.0),pythonnet可以让python调用.NET代码。

为了使用最新版本的 Chromium(Chromium是谷歌的开源项目,国产的所有 “双核浏览器”,都是基于 Chromium 开发的,甚至 Chrome 也是基于它。),需要安装WebView2。

选择Web应用还是原生应用来开发是一种在通用性和本地权限之前的权衡。WebApp兼容的范围很广,而且Web前端代码基于浏览器天生跨平台,而且前端框架多好开发。而原生应用有很大本地权限,可以进行各种文件和操作系统接口的调用。WebView可以结合这两者的优点进行开发。WebView2允许你在本地App里面嵌入web相关的技术(例如HTML,CSS和JavaScript)。WebView2控件使用微软的Edge作为渲染引擎,你可以嵌入一部分或者整个App都用WebView来做。

WebView2下载地址:https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/webview2/?form=MA13LH

4、使用

4.1、最简单示例

import webviewwindow = webview.create_window('Woah dude!', 'https://pywebview.flowrl.com')webview.start()

create_window:

返回窗口实例,该实例可以使用许多窗口操作和DOM函数,可创建任意数量窗口,在GUI循环启动后创建的窗口会立即显示。所有打开的窗口都以列表形式存储在webview.windows中。create_window第二个参数可以是url(远程url或本地url),也可设置html来加载html。html与url同时存在,html优先级高。

4.2、http server示例

pywebview提供一个与WSGI兼容的http服务器。

import webviewwebview.create_window('Woah dude!', 'index.html')webview.start(http_server=True)

将http_server设为true

一般使用外部WSGI兼容的http服务器,将服务器对象作为url传递

from flask import Flaskimport webviewserver = Flask(__name__, static_folder='./assets', template_folder='./templates')webview.create_window('Flask example', server)webview.start()

4.3、线程模型

webview.start会开启一个GUI循环,并且它是一个阻塞函数。当GUI循环被阻塞时,必须在一个单独的线程和进程中执行后端逻辑

。可以通过手动开启线程/进程,或者将函数作为要启动的第一个参数来启动。第二个参数设置函数的参数。这种方法会在后台启动一个线程,与手动起一个线程相同。

import webviewdef custom_logic(window):    window.evaluate_js('alert("welcome")')window = webview.create_window('Woah dude!', html='<h1>Woah dude!<h1>')webview.start(custom_logic, window)# anything below this line will be executed after program is finished executingprint(2)#只有窗口关闭了才能打印

4.4、Python与evaluate_js通信

在Python调用Javascript

使用evaluate_js可以在Python中调用Javascript 函数,如:window.evaluate_js(‘alert(“welcome”)’)

在Javascript 中调用Python

方法1(十分反人类):在一个Python类中先写一个html网页,在其中的Javascript 使用pywebview.api.方法名来调用Python函数,方法名不能以下划线开头。示例如下:

import randomimport sysimport threadingimport timeimport webviewhtml = """<!DOCTYPE html><html><head lang="en"><meta charset="UTF-8"><style>    #response-container {        display: none;        padding: 3rem;        margin: 3rem 5rem;        font-size: 120%;        border: 5px dashed #ccc;    }    label {        margin-left: 0.3rem;        margin-right: 0.3rem;    }    button {        font-size: 100%;        padding: 0.5rem;        margin: 0.3rem;        text-transform: uppercase;    }</style></head><body><h1>JS API Example</h1><p id='pywebview-status'><i>pywebview</i> is not ready</p><button onClick="initialize()">Hello Python</button><br/><button id="heavy-stuff-btn" onClick="doHeavyStuff()">Perform a heavy operation</button><br/><button onClick="getRandomNumber()">Get a random number</button><br/><label for="name_input">Say hello to:</label><input id="name_input" placeholder="put a name here"><button onClick="greet()">Greet</button><br/><button onClick="catchException()">Catch Exception</button><br/><div id="response-container"></div><script>    window.addEventListener('pywebviewready', function() {        var container = document.getElementById('pywebview-status')        container.innerHTML = '<i>pywebview</i> is ready'    })    function showResponse(response) {        var container = document.getElementById('response-container')        container.innerText = response.message        container.style.display = 'block'    }    function initialize() {        pywebview.api.init().then(showResponse)    }    function doHeavyStuff() {        var btn = document.getElementById('heavy-stuff-btn')        pywebview.api.doHeavyStuff().then(function(response) {            showResponse(response)            btn.onclick = doHeavyStuff            btn.innerText = 'Perform a heavy operation'        })        showResponse({message: 'Working...'})        btn.innerText = 'Cancel the heavy operation'        btn.onclick = cancelHeavyStuff    }    function cancelHeavyStuff() {        pywebview.api.cancelHeavyStuff()    }    function getRandomNumber() {        pywebview.api.getRandomNumber().then(showResponse)    }    function greet() {        var name_input = document.getElementById('name_input').value;        pywebview.api.sayHelloTo(name_input).then(showResponse)    }    function catchException() {        pywebview.api.error().catch(showResponse)    }</script></body></html>"""class Api:    def __init__(self):        self.cancel_heavy_stuff_flag = False    def init(self):        response = {'message': 'Hello from Python {0}'.format(sys.version)}        return response    def getRandomNumber(self):        response = {            'message': 'Here is a random number courtesy of randint: {0}'.format(                random.randint(0, 100000000)            )        }        return response    def doHeavyStuff(self):        time.sleep(0.1)  # sleep to prevent from the ui thread from freezing for a moment        now = time.time()        self.cancel_heavy_stuff_flag = False        for i in range(0, 1000000):            _ = i * random.randint(0, 1000)            if self.cancel_heavy_stuff_flag:                response = {'message': 'Operation cancelled'}                break        else:            then = time.time()            response = {                'message': 'Operation took {0:.1f} seconds on the thread {1}'.format(                    (then - now), threading.current_thread()                )            }        return response    def cancelHeavyStuff(self):        time.sleep(0.1)        self.cancel_heavy_stuff_flag = True    def sayHelloTo(self, name):        response = {'message': 'Hello {0}!'.format(name)}        return response    def error(self):        raise Exception('This is a Python exception')if __name__ == '__main__':    api = Api()    window = webview.create_window('JS API example', html=html, js_api=api)    webview.start()

方法二:将Python函数公开到Javascript域,示例如下:

import webviewdef lol():    print('LOL')def wtf():    print('WTF')def echo(arg1, arg2, arg3):    print(arg1)    print(arg2)    print(arg3)def expose(window):    window.expose(echo)  # expose a function during the runtime    window.evaluate_js('pywebview.api.lol()')    window.evaluate_js('pywebview.api.wtf()')    window.evaluate_js('pywebview.api.echo(1, 2, 3)')if __name__ == '__main__':    window = webview.create_window(        'JS Expose Example', html='<html><head></head><body><h1>JS Expost</body></html>'    )    window.expose(lol, wtf)  # expose functions beforehand    webview.start(expose, window, debug=True)

方法三(最实用)

运行一个PythonWeb服务,让前端代码对其API进行调用。对于将Web一直到应用程序非常便捷。

4.5、事件

Windows对象有许多声明周期事件,订阅事件使用+=语法,即windows.events.loaded+=函数名,事件触发时会调用该函数,不能重复订阅,多次订阅也只调用一次。取消订阅使用windows.events.loaded-=函数名。

events.closed:窗口关闭后触发的事件events.closing:窗口正在关闭,在确认时候触发的事件events.loaded:DOM准备就绪时触发的事件events.minimized:窗口最小化触发的事件events.restore:窗口恢复时触发的事件events.maximized:窗口最大化触发的事件events.resized:窗口大小变化时触发的事件events.shown:窗口显示时触发的事件

5、常用示例

5.1、10秒后改变加载的url

import timeimport webviewdef change_url(window):    # wait a few seconds before changing url:    time.sleep(10)    # change url:    window.load_url('https://pywebview.flowrl.com/hello')if __name__ == '__main__':    window = webview.create_window('URL Change Example', 'http://www.google.com')    webview.start(change_url, window)

5.2、带有确认对话框的窗口

import webviewdef open_confirmation_dialog(window):    result = window.create_confirmation_dialog('Question', 'Are you ok with this?')    if result:        print('User clicked OK')    else:        print('User clicked Cancel')if __name__ == '__main__':    window = webview.create_window(        'Confirmation dialog example', 'https://pywebview.flowrl.com/hello'    )    webview.start(open_confirmation_dialog, window)

5.3、常用事件

import webviewdef on_closed():    print('pywebview window is closed')def on_closing():    print('pywebview window is closing')def on_shown():    print('pywebview window shown')def on_minimized():    print('pywebview window minimized')def on_restored():    print('pywebview window restored')def on_maximized():    print('pywebview window maximized')def on_resized(width, height):    print(        'pywebview window is resized. new dimensions are {width} x {height}'.format(            width=width, height=height        )    )def on_loaded():    print('DOM is ready')    # unsubscribe event listener    webview.windows[0].events.loaded -= on_loaded    webview.windows[0].load_url('https://pywebview.flowrl.com/hello')def on_moved(x, y):    print('pywebview window is moved. new coordinates are x: {x}, y: {y}'.format(x=x, y=y))if __name__ == '__main__':    window = webview.create_window(        'Simple browser', 'https://pywebview.flowrl.com/', confirm_close=True    )    window.events.closed += on_closed    window.events.closing += on_closing    window.events.shown += on_shown    window.events.loaded += on_loaded    window.events.minimized += on_minimized    window.events.maximized += on_maximized    window.events.restored += on_restored    window.events.resized += on_resized    window.events.moved += on_moved    webview.start(debug=True)

5.4、文件打开

import webviewdef open_file_dialog(window):    file_types = ('Image Files (*.bmp;*.jpg;*.gif)', 'All files (*.*)')    result = window.create_file_dialog(        webview.OPEN_DIALOG, allow_multiple=True, file_types=file_types    )    print(result)#result为文件的绝对路径if __name__ == '__main__':    window = webview.create_window('Open file dialog example', 'https://pywebview.flowrl.com/hello')    webview.start(open_file_dialog, window)

5.5、文件保存

import webviewdef save_file_dialog(window):    import time    time.sleep(5)    result = window.create_file_dialog(        webview.SAVE_DIALOG, directory='/', save_filename='test.file'    )    print(result)if __name__ == '__main__':    window = webview.create_window('Save file dialog', 'https://pywebview.flowrl.com/hello')    webview.start(save_file_dialog, window)

点击全文阅读


本文链接:http://zhangshiyu.com/post/91070.html

<< 上一篇 下一篇 >>

  • 评论(0)
  • 赞助本站

◎欢迎参与讨论,请在这里发表您的看法、交流您的观点。

关于我们 | 我要投稿 | 免责申明

Copyright © 2020-2022 ZhangShiYu.com Rights Reserved.豫ICP备2022013469号-1