参考链接： 闲谈2048小游戏和数组的旋转及翻转和转置
目录
2048
一、方阵类
二、随机插入1或2
三、 合并和递增
四、 判断和移动
五、 键盘控制
完整源代码
玩法过程
2048
上回说到2048小游戏中数组的各种旋转、翻转的方法，就是为代码编程作准备的；有了这些再就加上二维数组各行列上元素的合并、能否被合并的判断、成功失败的判断等等；以及再加上键盘按键的控制，小游戏就基本完成了。
一、方阵类
方阵就是高宽相同的矩阵，2048用方阵就行了，写代码也省事一点，方阵的类如下：
>>> from random import sample
>>> class Matrix:
... def __init__(self, order=4):
... self.order = order
... self.matrix = self.new()
... def __repr__(self):
... m, n = [], len(str(2**max(sum(self.matrix,[]))))
... for mat in self.matrix:
... m.append(', '.join(f'{2**x if x else 0:>{n}}' for x in mat))
... return '],\n ['.join(m).join(['[[',']]'])
... def new(self):
... n = self.order
... m = sample([0]*(n*n-2)+sample([0,1,1],2),n*n)
... return [m[i*n:i*n+n] for i in range(n)]
...
...
>>> Matrix()
[[0, 0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> Matrix()
[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]]
在方阵中随机产生1~2个1，sample([0,1,1],2) 生成的1个还是2个，比例为2:1；
在__repr__方法中显示时，这些1作为2的指数，所以显示为2^1=2。
二、随机插入数字
def insert(self):
n = self.order
m = [i for i,n in enumerate(sum(self.matrix,[])) if not n]
if m:
i = sample(m, 1)[0]
self.matrix[i//n][i%n] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))
或者：
def insert(self):
n = self.order
m = [(i,j) for j in range(n) for i in range(n) if not self.matrix[i][j]]
if m:
i, j = sample(m, 1)[0]
self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))
为加快数字的拼合速度，从5队开始，除了只插入1和2，可以考虑加入更大的数字：
self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2]*3+([1,2,3,3]+[i for i in range(n+4,n,-1)] if n>4 else []),1))
如 n = 5 时，拟插入的各数字比例为：
>>> n = 5
>>> t = [1,1,1,2]*3+[1,2,3,3]+[i for i in range(n+4,n,-1)]
>>> for i in set(t):
... print([i,t.count(i)/20])
...
...
[1, 0.5]
[2, 0.2]
[3, 0.1]
[6, 0.05]
[7, 0.05]
[8, 0.05]
[9, 0.05]
三、 合并和递增
......
for i,array in enumerate(self.matrix):
self.matrix[i] = Matrix.update(array)
......
def update(array):
split = lambda a: [_ for _ in a if _]+[_ for _ in a if not _]
array = split(array)
for i,a in enumerate(array):
if i and a and a==array[i-1]:
array[i-1] += 1
array[i] = 0
return split(array)
四、 判断和移动
略……写得有点复杂，可以到完整代码中阅读。
五、 键盘控制
引入keyboard库控制键盘，示例如下：
import keyboard def keys0(): print("Left key pressed") def keys1(): print("Right key pressed") def keys2(): print("Up key pressed") def keys3(): print("Down key pressed") def restart(): print("Enter key pressed") # 添加热键 keyboard.add_hotkey('left', keys0) keyboard.add_hotkey('right', keys1) keyboard.add_hotkey('up', keys2) keyboard.add_hotkey('down', keys3) keyboard.add_hotkey('enter', restart) # 等待用户按下esc键 print("Waiting for ESC to exit...") keyboard.wait('esc') # 在这里移除所有热键 print("Removing all hotkeys...") keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys()Waiting for ESC to exit...
Left key pressed
Right key pressed
Up key pressed
Down key pressed
Enter key pressed
Removing all hotkeys...
>>>
注：最后一行代码keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys()很关键，一定都有否则即使按了ESC键退出程序，热键还是驻留在内存里，键盘还会响应keyboard.add_hotkey()添加的热键。
完整源代码
import keyboardfrom random import sampleclass Matrix: def __init__(self, order=4): self.over = False self.order = order self.matrix = self.new() self.victory = False def __repr__(self): m, n = [], len(str(2**max(sum(self.matrix,[])))) for mat in self.matrix: m.append(', '.join(f'{2**x if x else 0:>{n}}' for x in mat)) return '],\n ['.join(m).join(['[[',']]']) def new(self): n = self.order m = sample([0]*(n*n-2)+sample([0,1,1],2),n*n) return [m[i*n:i*n+n] for i in range(n)] def show(self): if self.over or self.victory: print('Enter to restart...') else: print(self) print() def insert(self): n = self.order m = [(i,j) for j in range(n) for i in range(n) if not self.matrix[i][j]] if m: i, j = sample(m, 1)[0] self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1)) def full(self): return all(sum(self.matrix,[])) def move(self, direction=0): if self.over or self.victory: return direction %= 4 if direction == 0: #left if self.cannotmove(0): return elif direction == 1: #right if self.cannotmove(1): return self.matrix = self.flipH() elif direction == 2: #up if self.cannotmove(2): return self.matrix = self.rotL() elif direction == 3: #down if self.cannotmove(3): return self.matrix = self.rotR() for i,array in enumerate(self.matrix): self.matrix[i] = Matrix.update(array) if direction == 1: self.matrix = self.flipH() elif direction == 2: self.matrix = self.rotR() elif direction == 3: self.matrix = self.rotL() indexmax = max(sum(self.matrix,[])) if self.order==2 and indexmax==4 or self.order==3 and indexmax==7 or indexmax==self.order+7: self.victory = True print(self) print('Win! Enter to restart...') return self.insert() self.over = self.cannotmove() if self.over: print(self) print('Gave over!') def cannotmove(self, direction = 4): m, n = self.matrix, self.rotR() p, q = self.rotL(), self.flipH() if direction==0: return all(n[0]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(m) elif direction==1: return all(n[-1]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(q) elif direction==2: return all(m[0]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(n) elif direction==3: return all(m[-1]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(p) else: return (self.full() and self.cannotmove(0) and self.cannotmove(1) and self.cannotmove(2) and self.cannotmove(3)) def cannotupdate(matrix): return all([m==Matrix.update(m) for m in matrix]) def update(array): split = lambda a: [_ for _ in a if _]+[_ for _ in a if not _] array = split(array) for i,a in enumerate(array): if i and a and a==array[i-1]: array[i-1] += 1 array[i] = 0 return split(array) def flipH(self): m, n = self.matrix, self.order return [[m[i][n-j-1] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)] def flipV(self): m, n = self.matrix, self.order return [[m[n-j-1][i] for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)] def rotL(self): m, n = self.matrix, self.order return [[m[j][n-i-1] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)] def rotR(self): m, n = self.matrix, self.order return [[m[n-j-1][i] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)]def move(i): mat.move(i) mat.show()def keys0(): move(0)def keys1(): move(1)def keys2(): move(2)def keys3(): move(3)def restart(): global mat if mat.victory: mat.order += 1 mat = Matrix(mat.order) mat.show() if mat.over: if mat.order>3: mat.order -= 1 mat = Matrix(mat.order) mat.show()if __name__ == '__main__': print("《2048小游戏》") print("上下左右前头控制方向，按ESC退出...") mat = Matrix(2) mat.show() keyboard.add_hotkey('left', keys0) keyboard.add_hotkey('right', keys1) keyboard.add_hotkey('up', keys2) keyboard.add_hotkey('down', keys3) keyboard.add_hotkey('enter', restart) keyboard.wait('esc') # 等待用户按下esc键退出 print('bye!') keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys() # 退出后移除所有热键玩法过程
《2048小游戏》
上下左右前头控制方向，按ESC退出...
[[0, 0],
[0, 2]]
[[0, 0],
[2, 2]]
[[0, 4],
[0, 4]]
[[0, 2],
[0, 8]]
[[2, 2],
[8, 0]]
[[4, 2],
[8, 0]]
[[4, 4],
[8, 2]]
[[8, 2],
[8, 2]]
[[ 0, 0],
[16, 4]]
Win! Enter to restart...
Enter to restart...
[[0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 2],
[0, 0, 0]]
[[0, 0, 0],
[2, 0, 0],
[0, 2, 2]]
[[4, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 2],
[0, 0, 4]]
[[0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 2],
[4, 0, 4]]
[[0, 0, 2],
[0, 0, 2],
[4, 0, 8]]
[[0, 0, 2],
[0, 2, 2],
[0, 4, 8]]
[[0, 0, 0],
[0, 2, 4],
[2, 4, 8]]
[[2, 0, 0],
[2, 4, 0],
[2, 4, 8]]
[[2, 0, 0],
[2, 0, 0],
[4, 8, 8]]
[[ 0, 2, 2],
[ 0, 0, 2],
[ 0, 4, 16]]
[[ 0, 0, 0],
[ 2, 2, 4],
[ 0, 4, 16]]
[[ 0, 0, 0],
[ 0, 4, 4],
[ 4, 4, 16]]
[[ 2, 0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 4],
[ 4, 8, 16]]
[[ 2, 0, 0],
[ 2, 0, 4],
[ 4, 8, 16]]
[[ 2, 0, 0],
[ 4, 0, 4],
[ 4, 8, 16]]
[[ 0, 4, 0],
[ 2, 0, 4],
[ 8, 8, 16]]
[[ 0, 2, 4],
[ 0, 2, 4],
[ 0, 16, 16]]
[[ 2, 2, 4],
[ 0, 2, 4],
[ 0, 0, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 0],
[ 2, 0, 8],
[ 2, 4, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 0],
[ 2, 0, 8],
[ 4, 4, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 2],
[ 0, 2, 8],
[ 0, 8, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 2],
[ 0, 2, 8],
[ 2, 8, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 4],
[ 2, 8, 0],
[ 2, 8, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 2],
[ 2, 0, 4],
[ 4, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 2],
[ 2, 4, 0],
[ 4, 16, 32]]
[[ 0, 0, 4],
[ 4, 4, 2],
[ 4, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 4],
[ 0, 4, 2],
[ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 2, 4],
[ 0, 4, 2],
[ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 0, 4, 4],
[ 2, 4, 2],
[ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 0, 4],
[ 2, 8, 2],
[ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 0, 2, 4],
[ 4, 8, 2],
[ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 4, 2],
[ 4, 8, 2],
[ 8, 16, 32]]
[[ 2, 4, 2],
[ 4, 8, 4],
[ 8, 16, 32]]
Gave over!
Enter to restart...
注：二阶方阵玩出16就过关，三阶方阵玩出128就过关，四阶就要到2048才能过关，五阶则要到4096才过关，六阶以上类推。演示时玩到三阶方阵就over了，如果三阶方阵过关会自动升级到四阶方阵，以此类推。
本文完