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gin框架常见用法大全

2 人参与  2022年11月14日 18:41  分类 : 《随便一记》  评论

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Gin是go语言的Web框架，结合go自带的第三方库net/http，性能不错。

gin获取Get参数：DefaultQuery

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {// 默认路由r := gin.Default()r.GET("/user", func(c *gin.Context) {name := c.DefaultQuery("name", "张三")c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("你好 %s", name))})// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}

获取API参数：Param

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {// 默认路由r := gin.Default()r.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {name := c.Param("name")action := c.Param("action")c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("你好 %s %s", name, action))})// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}

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获取表单参数：PostForm

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {// 默认路由r := gin.Default()r.POST("/form", func(c *gin.Context) {types := c.DefaultPostForm("type", "post")username := c.PostForm("username")password := c.PostForm("password")c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("用户名：%s 密码：%s type:%s", username, password, types))})// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}

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上传文件：FormFile和SaveUploadedFile

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {// 默认路由r := gin.Default()// 限制上传最大尺寸r.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20r.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {file, err := c.FormFile("file")if err != nil {c.String(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "上传文件出错")}c.SaveUploadedFile(file, file.Filename)c.String(http.StatusOK, file.Filename)})// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}

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上传多个文件：MultipartForm

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {// 默认路由r := gin.Default()// 限制上传最大尺寸r.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20r.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {form, err := c.MultipartForm()if err != nil {c.String(http.StatusBadRequest,fmt.Sprintf("Error: %s", err.Error()))}files := form.File["files"]for _, file := range files {if err := c.SaveUploadedFile(file, file.Filename); err != nil {c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "上传文件出错 %s", err.Error())}}c.String(http.StatusOK, "上传%d文件成功", len(files))})// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}

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路由分组：Group

httproter会将所有路由规则构造一颗前缀树。

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {// 默认路由r := gin.Default()v1 := r.Group("v1"){v1.GET("/rout1", rout1)}{v1.GET("/rout2", rout2)}v2 := r.Group("v2"){v2.POST("rout1", rout1)v2.POST("rout2", rout2)}// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}func rout1(c *gin.Context) {name := c.DefaultQuery("name", "张三")c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("你好！ %s", name))}func rout2(c *gin.Context) {name := c.DefaultQuery("name", "李四")c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("你好！ %s", name))}

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JSON数据绑定：ShouldBindJSON

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")type Login struct {User     string `json:"user"`Password string `json:"password"`}func main() {r := gin.Default()r.POST("loginJson", func(c *gin.Context) {var json Loginif err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})return}if json.User != "root" || json.Password != "admin" {c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"status": "304"})return}c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "200"})})// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}

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表单数据绑定：Bind

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")type Login struct {User     string `form:"username" json:"user"`Password string `form:"password" json:"password"`}func main() {r := gin.Default()r.POST("loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {var form Loginif err := c.Bind(&form); err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})return}if form.User != "root" || form.Password != "admin" {c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"status": "304"})return}c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "200"})})// 8080端口r.Run(":8080")}

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Uri数据绑定：ShouldBindUri

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")type Login struct {// binding:"required"的字段，是必须字段，否则报错User     string `uri:"username" binding:"required"`Password string `uri:"password" binding:"required"`}func main() {r := gin.Default()r.POST("/:username/:password", func(c *gin.Context) {var uri Loginif err := c.ShouldBindUri(&uri); err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})return}if uri.User != "root" || uri.Password != "admin" {c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"status": "304"})return}c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "200"})})r.Run(":8080")}

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各种数据响应格式

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin""github.com/gin-gonic/gin/testdata/protoexample")func main() {r := gin.Default()r.GET("json", func(ctx *gin.Context) {ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"data": "[1]", "status": 200})})r.GET("struct", func(ctx *gin.Context) {var msg struct {Data   stringStatus int}msg.Data = "[2]"msg.Status = 200ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)})r.GET("xml", func(ctx *gin.Context) {ctx.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"data": "[3]", "status": 200})})r.GET("yaml", func(ctx *gin.Context) {ctx.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"data": "[4]", "status": 200})})r.GET("protobuf", func(ctx *gin.Context) {reps := []int64{int64(5)}label := "label"data := &protoexample.Test{Label: &label,Reps:  reps,}ctx.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)})r.Run(":8080")}

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渲染HTML页面

301重定向

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {r := gin.Default()r.GET("/index", func(ctx *gin.Context) {ctx.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.baidu.com")})r.Run(":8080")}

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同步异步

package mainimport ("log""time""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {r := gin.Default()r.GET("/async", func(ctx *gin.Context) {context := ctx.Copy() // 必须使用上下文副本，不能使用原始上下文// 启动新的goroutinego func() {time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)log.Println("异步执行：" + context.Request.URL.Path)}()})r.GET("sync", func(ctx *gin.Context) {time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)log.Println("同步执行：" + ctx.Request.URL.Path)})r.Run(":8080")}

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全局中间件

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""time""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {r := gin.Default()r.Use(MiddleWare())// {}只是为了代码规范{r.GET("/ce", func(ctx *gin.Context) {req, _ := ctx.Get("request")fmt.Println("request:", req)ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"reqeust": req})})}r.Run(":8080")}func MiddleWare() gin.HandlerFunc {return func(ctx *gin.Context) {t := time.Now()fmt.Println("中间件开始执行")// 设置request到上下文，可以通过Get获取ctx.Set("request", "中间件")status := ctx.Writer.Status()// 执行函数ctx.Next()fmt.Println("中间件执行完毕", status)t2 := time.Since(t)fmt.Println("time:", t2)}}

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局部中间件

package mainimport ("fmt""net/http""time""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {r := gin.Default()// 全局中间件// r.Use(MiddleWare())// 局部中间件r.GET("/ce", MiddleWare(), func(ctx *gin.Context) {req, _ := ctx.Get("request")fmt.Println("request:", req)ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"reqeust": req})})r.Run(":8080")}func MiddleWare() gin.HandlerFunc {return func(ctx *gin.Context) {t := time.Now()fmt.Println("中间件开始执行")// 设置request到上下文，可以通过Get获取ctx.Set("request", "中间件")status := ctx.Writer.Status()// 执行函数ctx.Next()fmt.Println("中间件执行完毕", status)t2 := time.Since(t)fmt.Println("time:", t2)}}

Cookie

package mainimport ("fmt""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {r := gin.Default()// 全局中间件// r.Use(MiddleWare())// 局部中间件r.GET("/cookie", func(ctx *gin.Context) {cookie, err := ctx.Cookie("key_cookie")if err != nil {cookie = "Cookie未设置"ctx.SetCookie("key_cookie", "value_cookie", 60, "/", "localhost", false, true)}fmt.Println("Cookie:", cookie)})r.Run(":8080")}

验证码

package mainimport ("bytes""net/http""time""github.com/dchest/captcha""github.com/gin-contrib/sessions""github.com/gin-contrib/sessions/cookie""github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func main() {r := gin.Default()// 全局中间件r.Use(Session("sectet"))r.GET("/captcha", func(ctx *gin.Context) {Captcha(ctx, 4)})r.GET("/captcha/verify/:value", func(ctx *gin.Context) {value := ctx.Param("value")if CaptchaVerify(ctx, value) {ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": 0, "msg": "success"})} else {ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": 1, "msg": "failed"})}})r.Run(":8080")}func Session(keyPairs string) gin.HandlerFunc {store := SessionConfig()return sessions.Sessions(keyPairs, store)}func SessionConfig() sessions.Store {sessionMaxAge := 3600sessionSectet := "sectet"store := cookie.NewStore([]byte(sessionSectet))store.Options(sessions.Options{MaxAge: sessionMaxAge,Path:   "/",})return store}func Captcha(c *gin.Context, length ...int) {l := captcha.DefaultLenw, h := 107, 36if len(length) == 1 {l = length[0]}if len(length) == 2 {w = length[1]}if len(length) == 3 {h = length[2]}captchaId := captcha.NewLen(l)session := sessions.Default(c)session.Set("captcha", captchaId)_ = session.Save()_ = Serve(c.Writer, c.Request, captchaId, ".png", "zh", false, w, h)}func CaptchaVerify(c *gin.Context, code string) bool {session := sessions.Default(c)if captchaId := session.Get("captcha"); captchaId != nil {session.Delete("captcha")_ = session.Save()if captcha.VerifyString(captchaId.(string), code) {return true} else {return false}} else {return false}}func Serve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id, ext, lang string, download bool, width, height int) error {w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate")w.Header().Set("Pragma", "no-cache")w.Header().Set("Expires", "0")var content bytes.Bufferswitch ext {case ".png":w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/png")_ = captcha.WriteImage(&content, id, width, height)case ".wav":w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "audio/x-wav")_ = captcha.WriteAudio(&content, id, lang)default:return captcha.ErrNotFound}if download {w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")}http.ServeContent(w, r, id+ext, time.Time{}, bytes.NewReader(content.Bytes()))return nil}

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注意：cookie要一致，表示同一个会话。

参考链接

https://www.topgoer.com/gin%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6/


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