一 、BootStrap概念概述
一个前端开发的框架,Bootstrap,来自 Twitter,是目前很受欢迎的前端框架。Bootstrap 是基于 HTML、CSS、JavaScript 的,它简洁灵活,使得 Web 开发更加快捷。它是响应式布局,同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
二、快速入门
-
下载Bootstrap
点击下载BootStrap框架 -
在项目中将这三个文件夹复制
-
创建html页面,引入必要的资源文件
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! --> <title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>你好,世界!</h1> </body> </html>
结果如下:
三、响应式布局
1.概念
同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
2.实现
依赖于栅格系统:将一行平均分成12个格子,可以指定元素占几个格子。
3.步骤
⑴ 定义容器。相当于之前的table、
① 容器分类:
-
container
:两边留白
例如:<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入--> ... <!--通过css的类选择器给表格加上边框和颜色--> <style> .haha{ border:1px solid red; } </style> </head> <body> <!--1.定义容器,设置每种设备都是在页面上都是两边留白--> <div class="container"> <!--2.定义行--> <div class="row"> <!--3.定义元素 在大显示器一行3个格子 --> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
结果如下:
-
container-fluid
:每一种设备都是100%宽度
例如:<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入--> ... <!--通过css的类选择器给表格加上边框和颜色--> <style> .haha{ border:1px solid red; } </style> </head> <body> <!--1.定义容器,设置每种设备都是在页面上都是100%宽度--> <div class="container-fluid"> <!--2.定义行--> <div class="row"> <!--3.定义元素 在大显示器一行3个格子 --> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-3 haha">栅格</div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
结果如下:
⑵ 定义行。相当于之前的tr
样式:现在对应的是row
⑶定义元素。指定该元素在不同的设备上,所占的格子数目。样式:col-设备代号-格子数目
① 设备代号:
xs
:超小屏幕 手机 (<768px):col-xs-6sm
:小屏幕 平板 (≥768px) : col-sm-6md
:中等屏幕 桌面显示器 (≥992px): col-md-16lg
:大屏幕 大桌面显示器 (≥1200px) : col-lg-6
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入-->
...
<!--通过css的类选择器给表格加上边框和颜色-->
<style>
.haha{
border:1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--1.定义容器,设置每种设备都是在页面上都是两边留白-->
<div class="container">
<!--2.定义行-->
<div class="row">
<!--3.定义元素
在超小屏一行6个格子,屏幕装不下将换行
在小屏幕一行6个格子,屏幕装不下将换行
在中等屏幕一行6个格子,屏幕装不下将换行
在大屏幕一行6个格子,屏幕装不下将换行
-->
<div class="col-xs-6 haha">超小屏栅格</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 haha">超小屏栅格</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 haha">小屏幕栅格</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 haha">小屏幕栅格</div>
<div class="col-md-6 haha">中等屏幕栅格</div>
<div class="col-md-6 haha">中等屏幕栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 haha">大屏幕栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 haha">大屏幕栅格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
结果如下:
注意从大屏幕到超小屏幕显示的变化
注意:
1. 一行中如果格子数目超过12,则超出部分自动换行。
2. 栅格类属性可以向上兼容。栅格类适用于与屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备。
3. 如果真实设备宽度小于了设置栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值,会一个元素沾满一整行。
四、BootStrap框架中CSS样式和JS插件
1 全局CSS样式:
⑴ 按钮:
class="btn btn-default"
:BootStrap默认按钮样式
…
class="btn btn-danger"
:危险红色按钮
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" >Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-danger" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
</body>
</html>
样式效果如下:
⑵ 表格:
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
table-bordered
:给表格加边框table-hover
:给表单添加鼠标悬停效果
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>001</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>002</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>003</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
效果:
⑶ 表单
给表单项添加:class="form-control"
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<form action="#" method="get">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email" name="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password" name="Password">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
效果如下:
注意:
需要什么样式去官网找全局CSS样式设计手册
2. 组件:
⑴ 导航条
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
...
</nav>
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</body>
</html>
效果如下:
⑵分页条
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
效果:
3. 插件:
⑴轮播图
轮播图素材点击下载
项目结构如下:
代码如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!--省略了bootStrap相关配置的引入-->
...
</head>
<body>
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="image/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下:
五、综合案例
优化之前写的旅游网首页效果
代码如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<!--通过css给html设置样式-->
<style>
/*给logo设置样式*/
.paddtop{
padding-top: 10px;//设置上内边距为10px
}
/*给输入框设置样式*/
.search-input{
float: left;/*设置为左悬浮*/
border:2px solid #ffc900;/*设置边框和颜色*/
width: 400px;/*宽度为400px*/
height: 35px;/*高度为35px;*/
padding-left: 5px;/*左内边距为5px*/
margin-top: 15px;/*上外边距为15px*/
}
/*给按钮设置样式*/
.search-btn{
float: left;/*置左悬浮*/
border:1px solid #ffc900;/*设置边框和颜色*/
width: 90px;/*设置宽度*/
height: 35px;/*设置高度*/
background-color:#ffc900 ;/*设置背景色*/
text-align: center;/*设置左右居中*/
line-height: 35px;/*line-height和height一样时文字就能上下居中*/
margin-top: 15px;
}
/*设置分割线格式*/
.jx{
border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900;
padding: 5px;
}
/*设置最后版权样式*/
.company{
height: 40px;
background-color: #ffc900;
text-align: center;
line-height:40px ;
font-size: 8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 1.页眉部分-->
<header class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="image/top_banner.jpg" class="image-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<img src="image/logo.jpg" class="image-responsive">
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<input class="search-input" placeholder="请输入线路名称">
<a class="search-btn" href="#">搜索</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="image/hotel_tel.png" class="image-responsive">
</div>
</div>
<!--导航栏-->
<div class="row">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!-- 定义汉堡按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</div>
<!--轮播图-->
<div class="row">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="image/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- 2.主体部分-->
<div class="container">
<div class="row jx">
<img src="image/icon_5.jpg">
<span>柯基精选</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row jx">
<img src="image/icon_6.jpg">
<span>国内游</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="image/guonei_1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="image/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- 3.页脚部分-->
<footer class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="image/footer_service.png" class="image-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row company">
柯基侦探
本文链接:http://zhangshiyu.com/post/32120.html
- 男女主人公景天童悦小说末世:我有一栋神级别墅全文免费阅读
- 我,扎纸匠,你让我相信科学?小说完整版全文免费阅读
- 主角叫乐茗封珩俞航小说怼遍娱乐圈后我爆红了全文免费阅读
- 周莫蓝陈醉全章节阅读-莫染酒香全文分享阅读