一、简介
GSON是Google提供的用来在Java对象和JSON数据之间进行映射的Java类库。 可以将一个Json字符串转换成一个Java对象,戒者将一个Java对象转换成Json字符串。
GSON最大的特点:(1)代码量少、简洁(2)数据传递和解析方便。
GSON的项目主页地址是:https://github.com/google/gson
注意:添加GSON库的依赖: implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
1、GSON库提供的方法
函数 | 函数 |
---|---|
toJson() | 将Java对象转化为json字符串 |
fromJson() | 将json字符串转化为Java对象 |
• Serialization:序列化,Java对象转化为Json字符串。====》toJson()
• Deserialization:反序列化,Json字符串转化为Java对象。 ====》fromJson()
2、JSON字符串的解析
举例:
假设从服务器上返回的结果是一个JSON格式的字符串,如下所示:
{“name”:”张三” ,”age”:20 }
【思路】定义Person类,并加入name和age这两个字段,然后调用GSON库就可以很轻 松地实现将JSON字符串自动解析成一个Person类的对象。
//Person类 public class Person { public String name; //姓名 public int age; //年龄 //构造方法 Person(String name,int age){ this.name = name ; this.age = age; } }
3、JSON数组的解析
从接口返回的数据格式中可以収现,学生数组信息存放在 “students”的区域内,而且数据格式是一个JSON数组。
步骤1 •定义一个ResponseClass类,用于将JSON字符串转化为JAVA对象
步骤2 •定义一个Student类,用于获取“students”区域内的学生数据
步骤3 •使用GSON解析服务器返回的JSON格式的数据
(1)步骤1:ResponseClass类的定义:
public class ResponseClass{
private String school;
private List<Student> students;
public List<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
}
注意 : 属性的命名一定要和JSON 字符串中的索引值一致
(2)步骤2: Student类 的定义:
public class Student{
private int id;
private String name;
private String sex;
private int age;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
……..
}
注意 : 属性的命名一定要和JSON 字符串中的索引值一致
(3)步骤3:使用GSON开源库迚行解析:
new TypeToken(){}.getType(); 为什么后面要跟上{}?
表示new的是一个匿名内部类的对象,该匿名类继承自TypeToken。可以 在大括号里面像写其他普通类代码,但这里的{}里面什么都没有写,因为我们 只需要用到父类的一个public方法而已。
匿名内部类常用在监听里面,例如给按钮设置监听事件:
button = findViewById(R.id.btn); button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { } } );
setOnClickListener()方法接受的是一个OnClickListener类型的对象,而OnClickListener 是一个接口,不能直接采用new生成对象,需要自定义一个类实现OnClickListener接口, 然后再给他传一个实现类的对象。但是那样太麻烦,更多时候是直接在这里创建实现类, 却没有给他取名字,所以叫匿名,并同时在这里实现了抽象方法。
(4)补充
二、代码讲解
1、activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World!"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
2、MainActivity.java
package com.example.zsgson;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.Response;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//1.定义一个字符串变量,用来存放HTTP请求的地址
public static final String address = "http://v.juhe.cn/weather/index?format=2&cityname=苏州&key=ccfadb3491e63c1c3556f3ceb19e1237";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//2.调用工具类的sendOkHttpRequest()方法,获取服务器返回的天气信息
HttpUtil.sendOkHttpRequest(address,new okhttp3.Callback(){
@Override
public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
//定义一个字符串变量responseData,存放服务器返回的json数据
String responseData = response.body().string();
//创建GSON类的对象
Gson gson = new Gson();
//调用fromJson()方法将json字符串转换为Java实体类的对象
JsonToBean jsonToBean = gson.fromJson(responseData,new TypeToken<JsonToBean>(){}.getType());
//后面的操作就是Java类的操作了
JsonToBean.ResultBean resultBean = jsonToBean.getResult();
List<JsonToBean.ResultBean.FutureBean> futureBeanList = resultBean.getFuture();
for(int i=0 ;i<futureBeanList.size();i++){
JsonToBean.ResultBean.FutureBean futureBean = futureBeanList.get(i);
Log.d("MainActivity","temperature:"+futureBean.getTemperature()+" "+"weather:"+futureBean.getWeather()+" "+"wind:"+futureBean.getWind()+" "+"week:"+futureBean.getWeek()+"date:"+futureBean.getDate());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
}
});
}
}
3、HttpUtil.java
package com.example.zsgson;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
public class HttpUtil {
public static void sendOkHttpRequest(String address,okhttp3.Callback callback){
//通过okHttp框架的异步请求方式来完成数据的抓取
//1.获得OkHttpClient类的实例
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
//2.创建Request对象,并通过属性设置目标网络地址,请求方式等
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(address) //将第一个参数传入url属性
.build();
//3.通过OkHttpClient类的实例调用newCall()方法来创建call对象,并把异步请求的结果送入回调接口
client.newCall(request).enqueue(callback);
}
}
4、JsonToBean.java
package com.example.zsgson;
import java.util.List;
public class JsonToBean {
/**
* resultcode : 200
* reason : 查询成功
* result : {"sk":{"temp":"25","wind_direction":"东南风","wind_strength":"3级","humidity":"65%","time":"11:09"},"today":{"temperature":"17℃~26℃","weather":"小雨","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"07"},"wind":"东南风3-5级","week":"星期五","city":"苏州","date_y":"2020年05月29日","dressing_index":"舒适","dressing_advice":"建议着长袖T恤、衬衫加单裤等服装。年老体弱者宜着针织长袖衬衫、马甲和长裤。","uv_index":"最弱","comfort_index":"","wash_index":"不宜","travel_index":"较不宜","exercise_index":"较不宜","drying_index":""},"future":[{"temperature":"17℃~26℃","weather":"小雨","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"07"},"wind":"东南风3-5级","week":"星期五","date":"20200529"},{"temperature":"17℃~22℃","weather":"小雨转阴","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"02"},"wind":"东风3-5级","week":"星期六","date":"20200530"},{"temperature":"21℃~28℃","weather":"阴","weather_id":{"fa":"02","fb":"02"},"wind":"东南风微风","week":"星期日","date":"20200531"},{"temperature":"21℃~29℃","weather":"小雨转阴","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"02"},"wind":"东南风3-5级","week":"星期一","date":"20200601"},{"temperature":"24℃~31℃","weather":"阴转小雨","weather_id":{"fa":"02","fb":"07"},"wind":"南风微风","week":"星期二","date":"20200602"},{"temperature":"17℃~22℃","weather":"小雨转阴","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"02"},"wind":"东风3-5级","week":"星期三","date":"20200603"},{"temperature":"21℃~28℃","weather":"阴","weather_id":{"fa":"02","fb":"02"},"wind":"东南风微风","week":"星期四","date":"20200604"}]}
* error_code : 0
*/
private String resultcode;
private String reason;
private ResultBean result;
private int error_code;
public String getResultcode() {
return resultcode;
}
public void setResultcode(String resultcode) {
this.resultcode = resultcode;
}
public String getReason() {
return reason;
}
public void setReason(String reason) {
this.reason = reason;
}
public ResultBean getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(ResultBean result) {
this.result = result;
}
public int getError_code() {
return error_code;
}
public void setError_code(int error_code) {
this.error_code = error_code;
}
public static class ResultBean {
/**
* sk : {"temp":"25","wind_direction":"东南风","wind_strength":"3级","humidity":"65%","time":"11:09"}
* today : {"temperature":"17℃~26℃","weather":"小雨","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"07"},"wind":"东南风3-5级","week":"星期五","city":"苏州","date_y":"2020年05月29日","dressing_index":"舒适","dressing_advice":"建议着长袖T恤、衬衫加单裤等服装。年老体弱者宜着针织长袖衬衫、马甲和长裤。","uv_index":"最弱","comfort_index":"","wash_index":"不宜","travel_index":"较不宜","exercise_index":"较不宜","drying_index":""}
* future : [{"temperature":"17℃~26℃","weather":"小雨","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"07"},"wind":"东南风3-5级","week":"星期五","date":"20200529"},{"temperature":"17℃~22℃","weather":"小雨转阴","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"02"},"wind":"东风3-5级","week":"星期六","date":"20200530"},{"temperature":"21℃~28℃","weather":"阴","weather_id":{"fa":"02","fb":"02"},"wind":"东南风微风","week":"星期日","date":"20200531"},{"temperature":"21℃~29℃","weather":"小雨转阴","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"02"},"wind":"东南风3-5级","week":"星期一","date":"20200601"},{"temperature":"24℃~31℃","weather":"阴转小雨","weather_id":{"fa":"02","fb":"07"},"wind":"南风微风","week":"星期二","date":"20200602"},{"temperature":"17℃~22℃","weather":"小雨转阴","weather_id":{"fa":"07","fb":"02"},"wind":"东风3-5级","week":"星期三","date":"20200603"},{"temperature":"21℃~28℃","weather":"阴","weather_id":{"fa":"02","fb":"02"},"wind":"东南风微风","week":"星期四","date":"20200604"}]
*/
private SkBean sk;
private TodayBean today;
private List<FutureBean> future;
public SkBean getSk() {
return sk;
}
public void setSk(SkBean sk) {
this.sk = sk;
}
public TodayBean getToday() {
return today;
}
public void setToday(TodayBean today) {
this.today = today;
}
public List<FutureBean> getFuture() {
return future;
}
public void setFuture(List<FutureBean> future) {
this.future = future;
}
public static class SkBean {
/**
* temp : 25
* wind_direction : 东南风
* wind_strength : 3级
* humidity : 65%
* time : 11:09
*/
private String temp;
private String wind_direction;
private String wind_strength;
private String humidity;
private String time;
public String getTemp() {
return temp;
}
public void setTemp(String temp) {
this.temp = temp;
}
public String getWind_direction() {
return wind_direction;
}
public void setWind_direction(String wind_direction) {
this.wind_direction = wind_direction;
}
public String getWind_strength() {
return wind_strength;
}
public void setWind_strength(String wind_strength) {
this.wind_strength = wind_strength;
}
public String getHumidity() {
return humidity;
}
public void setHumidity(String humidity) {
this.humidity = humidity;
}
public String getTime() {
return time;
}
public void setTime(String time) {
this.time = time;
}
}
public static class TodayBean {
/**
* temperature : 17℃~26℃
* weather : 小雨
* weather_id : {"fa":"07","fb":"07"}
* wind : 东南风3-5级
* week : 星期五
* city : 苏州
* date_y : 2020年05月29日
* dressing_index : 舒适
* dressing_advice : 建议着长袖T恤、衬衫加单裤等服装。年老体弱者宜着针织长袖衬衫、马甲和长裤。
* uv_index : 最弱
* comfort_index :
* wash_index : 不宜
* travel_index : 较不宜
* exercise_index : 较不宜
* drying_index :
*/
private String temperature;
private String weather;
private WeatherIdBean weather_id;
private String wind;
private String week;
private String city;
private String date_y;
private String dressing_index;
private String dressing_advice;
private String uv_index;
private String comfort_index;
private String wash_index;
private String travel_index;
private String exercise_index;
private String drying_index;
public String getTemperature() {
return temperature;
}
public void setTemperature(String temperature) {
this.temperature = temperature;
}
public String getWeather() {
return weather;
}
public void setWeather(String weather) {
this.weather = weather;
}
public WeatherIdBean getWeather_id() {
return weather_id;
}
public void setWeather_id(WeatherIdBean weather_id) {
this.weather_id = weather_id;
}
public String getWind() {
return wind;
}
public void setWind(String wind) {
this.wind = wind;
}
public String getWeek() {
return week;
}
public void setWeek(String week) {
this.week = week;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getDate_y() {
return date_y;
}
public void setDate_y(String date_y) {
this.date_y = date_y;
}
public String getDressing_index() {
return dressing_index;
}
public void setDressing_index(String dressing_index) {
this.dressing_index = dressing_index;
}
public String getDressing_advice() {
return dressing_advice;
}
public void setDressing_advice(String dressing_advice) {
this.dressing_advice = dressing_advice;
}
public String getUv_index() {
return uv_index;
}
public void setUv_index(String uv_index) {
this.uv_index = uv_index;
}
public String getComfort_index() {
return comfort_index;
}
public void setComfort_index(String comfort_index) {
this.comfort_index = comfort_index;
}
public String getWash_index() {
return wash_index;
}
public void setWash_index(String wash_index) {
this.wash_index = wash_index;
}
public String getTravel_index() {
return travel_index;
}
public void setTravel_index(String travel_index) {
this.travel_index = travel_index;
}
public String getExercise_index() {
return exercise_index;
}
public void setExercise_index(String exercise_index) {
this.exercise_index = exercise_index;
}
public String getDrying_index() {
return drying_index;
}
public void setDrying_index(String drying_index) {
this.drying_index = drying_index;
}
public static class WeatherIdBean {
/**
* fa : 07
* fb : 07
*/
private String fa;
private String fb;
public String getFa() {
return fa;
}
public void setFa(String fa) {
this.fa = fa;
}
public String getFb() {
return fb;
}
public void setFb(String fb) {
this.fb = fb;
}
}
}
public static class FutureBean {
/**
* temperature : 17℃~26℃
* weather : 小雨
* weather_id : {"fa":"07","fb":"07"}
* wind : 东南风3-5级
* week : 星期五
* date : 20200529
*/
private String temperature;
private String weather;
private WeatherIdBeanX weather_id;
private String wind;
private String week;
private String date;
public String getTemperature() {
return temperature;
}
public void setTemperature(String temperature) {
this.temperature = temperature;
}
public String getWeather() {
return weather;
}
public void setWeather(String weather) {
this.weather = weather;
}
public WeatherIdBeanX getWeather_id() {
return weather_id;
}
public void setWeather_id(WeatherIdBeanX weather_id) {
this.weather_id = weather_id;
}
public String getWind() {
return wind;
}
public void setWind(String wind) {
this.wind = wind;
}
public String getWeek() {
return week;
}
public void setWeek(String week) {
this.week = week;
}
public String getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(String date) {
this.date = date;
}
public static class WeatherIdBeanX {
/**
* fa : 07
* fb : 07
*/
private String fa;
private String fb;
public String getFa() {
return fa;
}
public void setFa(String fa) {
this.fa = fa;
}
public String getFb() {
return fb;
}
public void setFb(String fb) {
this.fb = fb;
}
}
}
}
}
注意: 手动生成!!!