你会不会对“云原生”很有兴趣，却不知道从何入手？

本文会在window环境下，构建一套基于k8s的istio环境，并且通过skaffold完成镜像的构建和项目部署到集群环境。其实对于实验环境有限的朋友们，完全可以在某里云上，按量付费搞3台”突发性能实例“，玩一晚，也就是杯咖啡钱。

好吧，让我开始吧！

执行流程

整体流程的话，如下图所示，通过 Skaffold+jib 将开发的应用打包成镜像，提交到本地仓库，并且将应用部署到集群中。k8s中部署2个pod，模拟应用不同的版本，并且配置访问权重20%：80%。

环境选择

我之前有文章详细介绍过minikube。本次实验，开始的时候，我就一直沉溺在使用kind的便捷上，而且直接可以在docker上部署集群，可以说非常方便。但是由于我对K8S的理解并不足够，导致后面遇到了很多问题，所以，在这里建议新上手的小伙伴，还是使用minikube吧。k3s和RKE都需要多台虚拟机，碍于机器性能，这种方案暂时不考虑了。

下面表格，对比了minikube、kind、k3s 部署环境，以及支持情况，方便大家选择。

	minikube	kind	k3s
runtime	VM	container	native
supported architectures	AMD64	AMD64	AMD64, ARMv7, ARM64
supported container runtimes	Docker,CRI-O,containerd,gvisor	Docker	Docker, containerd
startup time initial/following	5:19 / 3:15	2:48 / 1:06	0:15 / 0:15
memory requirements	2GB	8GB (Windows, MacOS)	512 MB
requires root?	no	no	yes (rootless is experimental)
multi-cluster support	yes	yes	no (can be achieved using containers)
multi-node support	no	yes	yes
project page	https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/	https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/	https://k3s.io/

[1]    表格引用自：http://jiagoushi.pro/minikube-vs-kind-vs-k3s-what-should-i-use

docker desktop 没有特殊要求。其他的自己用的顺手就好，还是需要特别说一下minikube，别用最新的coredns一直都拉不下来，除非你的魔法，可以完全搞定，否则，还是用阿里编译的minikube版本吧，别跟自己较劲，别问我为什么...  

我用的版本罗列在下面了：

➜ ~ istioctl version
client version: 1.10.2
control plane version: 1.10.2
data plane version: 1.10.2 (10 proxies)

➜ ~ minikube version
minikube version: v1.18.1
commit: 511aca80987826051cf1c6527c3da706925f7909

➜ ~ skaffold version
v1.29.0

环境搭建

使用minikube创建集群

使用 hyperv 作为引擎 ， 内存 8192M cup 4核，不能再少了，否则拉不起来 istio  

➜ ~ minikube start  --image-mirror-country='cn' --registry-mirror=https://hq0igpc0.mirror.aliyuncs.com --vm-driver="hyperv" --memory=8192 --cpus=4 --hyperv-virtual-switch="minikubeSwitch" --image-repository=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

还要在 hyperv里创建一个虚拟路由，这里我构建了一个内部网络，这样可以通过设置网卡的ip，将内部网络的网段固定下来，否则，每次重启都会变化ip

配置让内部网络，共享访问互联网

启动成功

➜ istio-1.10.2 minikube start
😄 Microsoft Windows 10 Pro 10.0.19042 Build 19042 上的 minikube v1.18.1
🎉 minikube 1.20.0 is available! Download it: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/tag/v1.20.0

✨ 根据现有的配置文件使用 hyperv 驱动程序
👍 Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🔄 Restarting existing hyperv VM for "minikube" ...
🐳 正在 Docker 20.10.3 中准备 Kubernetes v1.20.2…
🔎 Verifying Kubernetes components...
  ▪ Using image registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/storage-provisioner:v4 (global image repository)
  ▪ Using image registry.hub.docker.com/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.1.0
  ▪ Using image registry.hub.docker.com/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
  ▪ Using image registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server-amd64:v0.2.1 (global image repository)
🌟 Enabled addons: metrics-server, storage-provisioner, dashboard, default-storageclass
🏄 Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default

部署 istio

创建 istio-system 的命名空间

kubectl create namespace istio-system

安装 istio

istioctl manifest apply --set profile=demo

安装完成后，执行命令 kubectl get svc -n istio-system

➜ ~ kubectl get svc -n istio-system
NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                                                     AGE
istio-egressgateway   ClusterIP      10.105.31.73     <none>        80/TCP,443/TCP                                                               8d
istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.103.61.73     <pending>     15021:31031/TCP,80:31769/TCP,443:30373/TCP,31400:31833/TCP,15443:32411/TCP   8d
istiod                 ClusterIP      10.110.109.205   <none>        15010/TCP,15012/TCP,443/TCP,15014/TCP                                       8d

部署 bookinfo

部署 bookinfo demo 验证环境

执行命令

kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled

kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml

等待pod都启动起来以后，添加bookinfo网络配置，用于访问 kubectl apply -f .\samples\bookinfo\networking\bookinfo-gateway.yaml

➜ istio-1.10.2 kubectl apply -f .\samples\bookinfo\networking\bookinfo-gateway.yaml

gateway.networking.istio.io/bookinfo-gateway created

virtualservice.networking.istio.io/bookinfo created

使用命令查看service :  kubectl get services

➜ ~ kubectl get services
NAME             TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
callme-service   NodePort    10.106.26.24     <none>        8080:30101/TCP   8d
details         ClusterIP   10.110.253.19   <none>        9080/TCP         8d
kubernetes       ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP         8d
productpage     ClusterIP   10.96.246.175   <none>        9080/TCP         8d
ratings         ClusterIP   10.99.234.109   <none>        9080/TCP         8d
reviews         ClusterIP   10.103.177.123   <none>        9080/TCP         8d

查看pods状态 kubectl get pods

➜ ~ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS   RESTARTS   AGE
callme-service-v1-76dd76ddcc-znb62   2/2     Running   0         4h59m
callme-service-v2-679db76bbc-m4svm   2/2     Running   0         4h59m
details-v1-79f774bdb9-qk9q8          2/2     Running   8         8d
productpage-v1-6b746f74dc-p4xcb      2/2     Running   8         8d
ratings-v1-b6994bb9-dlvjm            2/2     Running   8         8d
reviews-v1-545db77b95-sgdzq          2/2     Running   8         8d
reviews-v2-7bf8c9648f-t6s8z          2/2     Running   8         8d
reviews-v3-84779c7bbc-4p8hv          2/2     Running   8         8d

查看集群ip 以及 端口

➜ ~ kubectl get po -l istio=ingressgateway -n istio-system -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].status.hostIP}'
192.168.137.115



➜ istio-1.10.2 kubectl get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system

NAME         TYPE     CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S)                                   AGE

istio-ingressgateway LoadBalancer  10.110.228.32 <pending>   15021:32343/TCP,80:30088/TCP,443:31869/TCP,31400:32308/TCP,15443:32213/TCP 3m17s

于是访问地址： http://192.168.137.115:31769/productpage

我们 bookinfo 就部署成功了。接下来我们创建应用

构建应用

构建一个普通的springboot工程,添加编译插件，这里我们使用了本地的docker仓库存储镜像

<build>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              <executions>
                  <execution>
                      <goals>
                          <goal>build-info</goal>
                          <goal>repackage</goal>
                      </goals>
                  </execution>
              </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>com.google.cloud.tools</groupId>
              <artifactId>jib-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>3.1.1</version>
              <configuration>
                  <to>
                      <image>127.0.0.1:9001/${project.artifactId}:${project.version}</image>
                      <auth>
                          <username>
                              xxx
                          </username>
                          <password>
                              xxx
                          </password>
                      </auth>
                  </to>
                  <allowInsecureRegistries>true</allowInsecureRegistries>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
      </plugins>
  </build>

构建一个简单的rest，现实一个构建名称，以及配置的一个版本号

@Autowired
BuildProperties buildProperties;
@Value("${VERSION}")
private String version;

@GetMapping("/ping")
public String ping() {
   LOGGER.info("Ping: name={}, version={}", buildProperties.getName(), version);
   return "I'm callme-service " + version;
}

  创建 skaffold.xml 用于给 skafflod 编译镜像，提交集群使用

apiVersion: skaffold/v2alpha1
kind: Config
build:
artifacts:
  - image: 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service
    jib: {}
tagPolicy:
  gitCommit: {}

创建k8s的部署描述k8s/deployment.yml，以及service用于访问

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: callme-service-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
  matchLabels:
    app: callme-service
    version: v1
template:
  metadata:
    labels:
      app: callme-service
      version: v1
  spec:
    containers:
      - name: callme-service
        image: 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
          - containerPort: 8080
        env:
          - name: VERSION
            value: "v1"
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: callme-service-v2
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
  matchLabels:
    app: callme-service
    version: v2
template:
  metadata:
    labels:
      app: callme-service
      version: v2
  spec:
    containers:
      - name: callme-service
        image: 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
          - containerPort: 8080
        env:
          - name: VERSION
            value: "v2"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: callme-service
labels:
  app: callme-service
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 8080
  name: http
  nodePort: 30101
selector:
  app: callme-service

创建 istio描述文件 k8s\istio-rules.yaml

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: callme-service-destination
spec:
host: callme-service
subsets:
  - name: v1
    labels:
      version: v1
  - name: v2
    labels:
      version: v2
# trafficPolicy: # --- enable for adding circuit breaker into DestinationRule
#   connectionPool:
#     http:
#       http1MaxPendingRequests: 1
#       maxRequestsPerConnection: 1
#       maxRetries: 0
#   outlierDetection:
#     consecutive5xxErrors: 3
#     interval: 30s
#     baseEjectionTime: 1m
#     maxEjectionPercent: 100
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: callme-service-route
spec:
hosts:
  - callme-service
http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: callme-service
        subset: v2
      weight: 80
    - destination:
        host: callme-service
        subset: v1
      weight: 20
    retries:
      attempts: 3
      retryOn: gateway-error,connect-failure,refused-stream
    timeout: 0.5s
#     fault: # --- enable for inject fault into the route
#       delay:
#         percentage:
#           value: 33
#         fixedDelay: 3s

运行 skaffold 进行编译，提交镜像，并部署应用 skaffold run --tail

➜ callme-service git:(master) ✗ skaffold run --tail
Generating tags...

- 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service -> 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service:e9c731f-dirty
  Checking cache...
- 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service: Found Locally
  Starting test...
  Tags used in deployment:
- 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service -> 127.0.0.1:9001/callme-service:60f1bf39367673fd0d30ec1305d8a02cb5a1ed43cf6603e767a98dc0523c65f3
  Starting deploy...
- deployment.apps/callme-service-v1 configured
- deployment.apps/callme-service-v2 configured
- service/callme-service configured
- destinationrule.networking.istio.io/callme-service-destination configured
- virtualservice.networking.istio.io/callme-service-route configured
  Waiting for deployments to stabilize...
- deployment/callme-service-v1: waiting for init container istio-init to start
  - pod/callme-service-v1-76dd76ddcc-znb62: waiting for init container istio-init to start
- deployment/callme-service-v2: waiting for init container istio-init to start
  - pod/callme-service-v2-679db76bbc-m4svm: waiting for init container istio-init to start
- deployment/callme-service-v2 is ready. [1/2 deployment(s) still pending]
- deployment/callme-service-v1 is ready.
  Deployments stabilized in 45.671 seconds

访问查看结果

致此，我们初级的环境搭建基本完成了，对应云原生，感觉懂了一点，好像又没有懂，需要理解的东西还有很多，这个系列也会持续下去，希望大家和我交流，也欢迎关注，转发。

参考链接;

https://piotrminkowski.com/2020/02/14/local-java-development-on-kubernetes/

https://pklinker.medium.com/integrating-a-spring-boot-application-into-an-istio-service-mesh-a55948666fd

https://blog.csdn.net/xixingzhe2/article/details/88537038

https://blog.csdn.net/chenleiking/article/details/86716049