浙大版PTA《Python 程序设计》题目集 参考答案
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PTA浙大版《Python 程序设计》题目集 详解教程_少侠PSY的博客-CSDN博客
01第1章-1 从键盘输入两个数，求它们的和并输出
a=int(input()) # 输入a的值b=int(input()) # 输入b的值print(a+b) # 输出a+b的值02第1章-2 从键盘输入三个数到a,b,c中，按公式值输出
a,b,c=input().split()a=int(a)b=int(b)c=int(c)print(b*b-4*a*c)03第1章-3 输出“人生苦短，我学Python”
print("人生苦短，我学Python")04第2章-1 计算 11+12+13+…+m
m=int(input())s=sum([i for i in range(11,m+1)])print("sum =",s)05第2章-2 计算分段函数[1]
x = float(input())if x != 0: y = 1 / xelse: y = 0print("f({:.1f}) = {:.1f}".format(x, y))06第2章-3 阶梯电价
e = float(input())cost = 0if e < 0: print("Invalid Value!")else: if e <= 50.00: cost = e * 0.53 else: cost = 50.0 * 0.53 + (e - 50) * (0.53 + 0.05) print(f"cost = {cost:.2f}")07第2章-4 特殊a串数列求和
a, n = map(int, input().split())tn = 0sn = 0for i in range(1, n + 1): tn = tn * 10 + a #第n项的值 sn = sn + tn #前n项的和print("s =", sn)08第2章-5 求奇数分之一序列前N项和
N = int(input())s = 0for i in range(N): s += 1 / (i + i + 1)print(f"sum = {s:.6f}")09第2章-6 求交错序列前N项和
n = int(input())sum = 0sign = 1for i in range(1, n + 1): sum += sign * i / (i + i - 1) sign *= -1print(f"{sum:.3f}")10第2章-7 产生每位数字相同的n位数
a,b=input().split(',')print(int(str(int(a))*int(b)))11第2章-8 转换函数使用
x,y=eval(input()) # x,y=map(int, input().split(','))print(int(str(x),y)) 12第2章-9 比较大小
a, b, c = map(int, input().split())if b > c: b, c = c, b if a > b: a, b = b, a if b > c: b, c = c, bprint(f"{a}->{b}->{c}")13第2章-10 输出华氏-摄氏温度转换表
lower, upper = map(int, input().split())if lower > upper: print("Invalid.")else: print("fahr celsius") while lower <= upper: celsius = 5 * (lower - 32) / 9 print(f"{lower:d}{celsius:6.1f}") lower += 214第2章-11 求平方与倒数序列的部分和
m, n = map(int, input().split())res = 0for i in range(m, n + 1): res += i * i + 1 / iprint(f"sum = {res:.6f}")15第2章-12 输出三角形面积和周长
import matha, b, c = map(int, input().split())if a + b > c and b + c > a and a + c > b: perimeter = a + b + c s = (a + b + c) / 2.0 area = math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c)) print(f"area = {area:.2f}; perimeter = {perimeter:.2f}")else: print("These sides do not correspond to a valid triangle")16第2章-13 分段计算居民水费
x = float(input())if x > 15.0: print("{:.2f}".format(2.5 * x - 17.5))else: print("{:.2f}".format(4 * x / 3))17第2章-14 求整数段和
A, B = map(int, input().split())s = c = 0for i in range(A, B + 1): print(f'{i:5d}', end='') c += 1 if c == 5: print() c = 0 s += iif c: print()print(f'Sum = {s}')18第3章-1 大于身高的平均值
l=input().split()l1=[int(i) for i in l]aver=sum(l1)/len(l1)l2=[i for i in l1 if i>aver]for i in l2: print(i,end=' ')19第3章-2 查验身份证
#自定义函数，用于验证一个身份证号码是否合法。def validate_id_number(s): w = [7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2] m = "10X98765432" sum = 0 for j in range(17): if not s[j].isdigit(): return False sum += int(s[j]) * w[j] sum = sum % 11 if s[17] != m[sum]: return False return True# 主程序n = int(input())cnt = 0for i in range(n): s = input() if len(s) != 18 or not validate_id_number(s): cnt += 1 print(s)if cnt == 0: print("All passed")20第3章-3 输出字母在字符串中位置索引
sen=input()a,b=input().split()lst=[(i,sen[i]) for i in range(len(sen)) if sen[i]==a or sen[i]==b]lstnew=lst[::-1]for i in range(len(lstnew)): print(lstnew[i][0],lstnew[i][1])21第3章-4 查找指定字符
cc = input()str = input()index = -1for i in range(len(str)): if str[i] == cc: index = iif index != -1: print(f"index = {index}")else: print("Not Found")22第3章-5 字符转换
s = input()n = 0for char in s: if '0' <= char <= '9': n = n * 10 + int(char)print(n)23第3章-6 求整数序列中出现次数最多的数
a = input().split()element_count = {} if a: a.pop(0)for element in a: element_count[element] = a.count(element)max_element = max(element_count, key=element_count.get) max_count = element_count[max_element] print(max_element, max_count)24第3章-7 求最大值及其下标
n=int(input())a=list(map(int,input().split()))print(max(a),a.index(max(a)))25第3章-8 字符串逆序
s = input()s = s[::-1]print(s)26第3章-9 字符串转换成十进制整数
s = input()hex_str = "" negative = False for c in s: if c.isdigit() or c.upper() in "ABCDEF": hex_str += c elif c == "-" and len(hex_str) == 0: negative = Trueif hex_str: num = int(hex_str, 16) if negative: num = -num print(num)else: print(0)27第3章-10 统计大写辅音字母
a = input()cnt=0for n in a : if n.isupper() and n!="A" and n!="E" and n!="I" and n!="O" and n!="U": cnt=cnt+1print(cnt)28第3章-11 字符串排序
lst = input().split()lst.sort()print("After sorted:")for i in range(0,len(lst)): print(lst[i])29第3章-12 求整数的位数及各位数字之和
n=input()l=[int(i) for i in n]print(len(n),sum(l))30第3章-13 字符串替换
a = list(input())m = [chr(i) for i in range(ord('A'),ord('Z')+1)]for i in range(len(a)): if a[i] in m: b=m.index(a[i]) a[i]=m[25-b]b="".join(a)print(b)31第3章-14 字符串字母大小写转换
str = input()for i in str: if i == "#": break elif i.islower(): print(i.upper(),end = "") elif i.isupper(): print(i.lower(),end = "") else: print(i,end = "")32第3章-15 统计一行文本的单词个数
cnt=0for i in input().split(): cnt+=1print(cnt)33第3章-16 删除重复字符
a=set(input())lst=list(a)lst.sort()print(f"{''.join(lst)}")34第3章-17 删除字符
str=input()c=input()str,c=str.strip(),c.strip()#移除字符串两端的空白字符result=str.replace(c.upper(),"")#将 c 的大写形式删除result=result.replace(c.lower(),"")#将 c 的小写形式删除print("result:",result)35第3章-18 输出10个不重复的英文字母
s = input().strip()li = []for i in s: if i.isalpha() and i.upper() not in li and i.lower() not in li : li.append(i) if len(li)==10: breakif len(li)<10: print('not found')else: s = ''.join(li) print(s)36第3章-19 找最长的字符串
n = int(input())max = 0for i in range(n): s = input() if(max<len(s)): max=len(s) maxstr=sprint('The longest is:',maxstr)37第3章-20 逆序的三位数
s=input()s=s[::-1]print(int(s))38第3章-21 判断回文字符串
s=input()print(s)if s==s[::-1]: print('Yes')else: print('No')39第3章-22 输出大写英文字母
s = input()t=""flag=0for element in s: if(element.isupper()): t=t+element flag=1if(flag==0): print("Not Found")else: lst=list(t) res=list(set(lst)) res.sort(key=lst.index) print("".join(res))40第4章-1 生成3的乘方表
n=int(input())for i in range(n+1): a = 3**i print(f"pow(3,{i}) = {a}")41第4章-2 统计素数并求和
import mathdef is_prime(num): sqrt_num = int(math.sqrt(num)) if num == 1: return False for i in range(2, sqrt_num + 1): if num % i == 0: return False return Truem, n = map(int, input().split())counts = 0sum = 0for i in range(m, n+1): if is_prime(i): counts += 1 sum += iprint(f"{counts} {sum}")42第4章-3 猴子吃桃问题
N=int(input())def show(N): x=1 for i in range(0,N-1): x=(x+1)*2 return xprint(show(N))43第4章-4 验证“哥德巴赫猜想”
import mathdef isPrime(num): sqrt_num = int(math.sqrt(num)) if num == 1: return False for i in range(2, sqrt_num + 1): if num % i == 0: return False return Truex=int(input())for y in range(2,x//2+1): z = x - y if (isPrime(y) == 1 and isPrime(z) == 1): print('{:d} = {:d} + {:d}'.format(x, y, z)) break44第4章-5 求e的近似值
from math import factorialtotal = 1n = int(input())for i in range(n): total += 1/factorial(i+1)print(f'{total:.8f}')45第4章-6 输出前 n 个Fibonacci数
n=int(input())a, b = 0, 1if(n>0): for i in range(n): print(f'{b:11d}',end="") a, b = b, a + b if((i+1)%5==0): print()else: print("Invalid.")46第4章-7 统计学生平均成绩与及格人数
n=int(input())if(n==0): print('average = 0.0') print('count = 0')else: lst = list(map(int,input().split())) sum = sum(lst) aver=sum/n new_lst = [x for x in lst if x >= 60] cnt = len(new_lst) print(f'average = {aver:.1f}') print(f'count = {cnt:d}')47第4章-8 求分数序列前N项和
N=int(input())a,b,c=2,1,0for i in range(N): c+=a/b a,b=a+b,aprint(f"{c:.2f}")48第4章-9 查询水果价格
print("[1] apple\n[2] pear\n[3] orange\n[4] grape\n[0] exit")num=list(map(int,input().split()))price=[3,2.5,4.1,10.2]for i in range(len(num)): if num[i]==0 or i>=5: break elif num[i]>0 and num[i]<5: print("price = %.2f"%price[num[i]-1]) else: print("price = 0.00")49第4章-10 最大公约数和最小公倍数
import matha,b=map(int,input().split())print(math.gcd(a,b),int((a*b)/math.gcd(a,b)))50第4章-11 判断素数
def prime(n): if n < 2: return False for i in range(2, int(n**0.5)+1): if n % i == 0: return False return Truen = int(input())for i in range(n): num = eval(input()) print('Yes') if prime(num) else print('No')51第4章-12 求满足条件的斐波那契数
n = int(input("请输入一个整数："))fibonacci_sequence = [1, 1]while fibonacci_sequence[-1] < n: next_fib = fibonacci_sequence[-1] + fibonacci_sequence[-2] fibonacci_sequence.append(next_fib)print("最后一个小于", n, "的斐波那契数是:", fibonacci_sequence[-1])52第4章-13 求误差小于输入值的e的近似值
a=float(input())b,c=2,1n,count=2,1while b-c>=a: count*=n n+=1 c=b b=b+1/countprint(f"{b:.6f}")53第4章-14 统计字符
input_string = input()letter_count, blank_count, digit_count, other_count = 0, 0, 0, 0while len(input_string) < 10: input_string += '\n' # 行尾回车符补上 input_string += input()input_string = input_string[:10]for char in input_string: if char.isalpha(): letter_count += 1 elif char.isspace(): blank_count += 1 elif char.isdigit(): digit_count += 1 else: other_count += 1print('letter = {}, blank = {}, digit = {}, other = {}'.format(letter_count, blank_count, digit_count, other_count))54第4章-15 换硬币
money = int(input())count = 0 #记录满足条件的组合方式的数量total = 0 #计算当前组合方式的硬币总数for fen5 in range(money // 5, 0, -1): for fen2 in range((money - fen5 * 5) // 2, 0, -1): fen1 = money - fen5 * 5 - fen2 * 2 total = fen5 + fen2 + fen1 if fen1 > 0: print(f"fen5:{fen5}, fen2:{fen2}, fen1:{fen1}, total:{total}") count += 1 total = 0print(f"count = {count}")55第4章-16 jmu-python-判断是否构成三角形
a,b,c=map(int,input().split())if a+b>c and a+c>b and b+c>a and a>0 and b>0 and c>0: print('yes')else: print('no')56第4章-17 水仙花数
n = int(input())for i in range(10**(n-1), 10**n): #遍历 ls = [int(x)**n for x in str(i)] #计算每个数字的n次方 if sum(ls) == i: #每个位上的数字求和，然后与数本身进行比较 print(i)57第4章-18 猴子选大王
n=int(input())a=[i for i in range(1,n+1)]index=0while len(a)>1: x=a.pop(0) index+=1 if index==3: index=0 else: a.append(x)print(a[0])58第4章-19 矩阵运算
n = int(input())total = 0matrix = []for i in range(n): row = list(map(int, input().split())) matrix.append(row)for i in range(n): for j in range(n): if i + j != n - 1 and j != n - 1 and i != n - 1: total += matrix[i][j]print(total)59第4章-20 求矩阵各行元素之和
m,n=map(int,input().split())for i in range(m): sr=list(map(int,input().split())) print(sum(sr))60第4章-21 判断上三角矩阵
T = int(input()) for _ in range(T): n = int(input()) matrix = [] for i in range(n): row = list(map(int, input().split())) matrix.append(row) upper_triangle = True for i in range(n): for j in range(n): if i > j and matrix[i][j] != 0: upper_triangle = False break if upper_triangle: print("YES") else: print("NO")61第4章-22 找鞍点
num = int(input())matrix = []for i in range(num): matrix.append(list(map(int, input().split())))for i in range(num): max_row = max(matrix[i][k] for k in range(num)) for j in range(num): min_col = min(matrix[k][j] for k in range(num)) if max_row == min_col: print(f"{i} {j}") exit()print("NONE")62第4章-23 求矩阵的局部极大值
m,n=map(int,input().split())ls=[]count=0for i in range(m): s=input() ls.append([int(i) for i in s.split()])for i in range(1,m-1): for j in range(1,n-1): if ls[i][j]>ls[i-1][j] and ls[i][j]>ls[i+1][j] and ls[i][j]>ls[i][j-1] and ls[i][j]>ls[i][j+1]: print(ls[i][j],i+1,j+1) count+=1if count==0: print("None",m,n)63第4章-24 打印九九口诀表
n=int(input())for i in range(1,n+1): for j in range(1,i+1): print("%d*%d=%-4d"%(j,i,i*j),end='') print()64第4章-25 输出三角形字符阵列
n=int(input())s=ord("A")for i in range(n,0,-1): for j in range(i): print(chr(s),end=' ') s +=1 print()65第4章-26 求1!+3!+5!+……+n!
n = int(input())total_sum = 1factorial = 1for odd_number in range(3, n + 1, 2): factorial *= odd_number*(odd_number-1) total_sum += factorialprint(f"n={n},s={total_sum}")66第4章-27 二维数组中每行最大值和每行和
ls=list(map(int,input().split()))s=[]for j in range(3): s=ls[3*j:(j+1)*3] for i in range(3): print("{:>4d}".format(s[i]),end='') print(f"{max(s):>4d}",end='') print(f"{sum(s):>4d}")67第4章-28 矩阵转置第4章-28 矩阵转置
ls=list(map(int,input().split()))s=[]for i in range(3): s.append(ls[3*i:(i+1)*3])for i in range(3): for j in range(3): print(f"{s[j][i]:>4d}",end='') print()68第4章-29 找出不是两个数组共有的元素
l1=list(map(str,input().split()))l2=list(map(str,input().split()))ls=[]l1.pop(0)l2.pop(0)for i in l1: if i not in l2 and i not in ls: ls.append(i)for j in l2: if j not in l1 and j not in ls: ls.append(j)print(*ls)69第4章-30 找完数
flag = 0m,n = map(int,input().split())for i in range (m,n+1): s = [1] for j in range (2,int(i**0.5 + 1)): if i%j ==0: s.append(j) s.append(i//j) if sum(s) == i: s.sort() print (i,end=" = ") print(' + '.join(map(str,s))) flag=1if(flag == 0): print("None")70第5章-1 输出星期名缩写
a=input()sum={'1':'Mon','2':'Tue','3':'Wed','4':'Thu','5':'Fri','6':'Sat','7':'Sun'}print(sum[a])71第5章-2 图的字典表示
n=int(input())vertex=0edge=0length=0for i in range(n): l=input() d=eval(l) for key1 in d: vertex+=1 for key2 in d[key1]: edge+=1 length+=d[key1][key2]print(vertex,edge,length)72第5章-3 四则运算（用字典实现）
result={"+":"x+y","-":"x-y","*":"x*y","/":'x/y if y!=0 \ else "divided by zero"'}x=int(input())z=input()y=int(input())r=eval(result.get(z))if type(r)!=str: print(f'{r:.2f}') else: print(r)73第5章-4 分析活动投票情况
s={"6","7","8","9","10"}-set(input().split(","))lst=list(s)lst=[int(i) for i in lst]lst.sort()print(*lst)74第5章-5 统计字符出现次数
s=input()ch=input()dc={}for c in s: dc[c]=dc.get(c,0)+1if ch in s: print(dc[ch])else: print(0)75第5章-6 统计工龄
N = int(input())dic = {}ls = list(map(int,input().split()))for i in ls: if i not in dic: dic[i] = 1 else: dic[i]+=1for i in sorted(dic.keys()): print(f"{i}:{dic[i]}")76第5章-7 列表去重
lst=eval(input())seen=set()lst1=[i for i in lst if i not in seen and not seen.add(i)]print(*lst1)77第5章-8 能被3,5和7整除的数的个数（用集合实现）
a,b=input().split()a,b=int(a),int(b)s1=set([i for i in range(a,b+1) if i%3==0])s2=set([i for i in range(a,b+1) if i%5==0])s3=set([i for i in range(a,b+1) if i%7==0])print(len(s1&s2&s3))78第5章-9 求矩阵鞍点的个数
n=int(input())a=[]for i in range(0,n): b=input().split() a.insert(i,b)c=[]d=[]for i in range(0,n): maxa=max(int(a[i][j]) for j in range(n)) mina=min(int(a[k][i]) for k in range(0,n)) c+=[(i,j) for j in range(n) if int(a[i][j])==maxa] d+=[(k,i) for k in range(n) if int(a[k][i])==mina]c=list(set(c)&set(d))print(len(c))79第5章-10 两数之和
nums = list(map(int,input().split(',')))target = int(input())hm = dict()for i in range(len(nums)): if nums[i] in hm: print(hm[nums[i]], i) break hm[target - nums[i]] = ielse: print("no answer")80第5章-11 字典合并
#合并字典dic1=eval(input())dic2=eval(input())dic3={}keys=set(dic1.keys())|set(dic2.keys())for key in keys: value=dic1.get(key,0)+dic2.get(key,0) dic3[key]=value#排序lst=[(ord(k) if k not in range(0,10) else k,v) for k,v in dic3.items()]lst.sort()#输出lst1=[]for t in lst: if 0<=t[0]<=9: lst1.append("{}:{}".format(t[0],t[1])) else: lst1.append('"{}":{}'.format(chr(t[0]),t[1]))print("{"+",".join(lst1)+"}")81第6章-1 输入列表，求列表元素和(eval输入应用）
lst=eval(input())s=sum([i for i in lst]) print(s)82第6章-2 一帮一
N = int(input())male_students = [] # 存储男生信息的列表female_students = [] # 存储女生信息的列表count = 1while N > 0: s = list(input().split()) if int(s[0]) == 1: male_students.append([s[1], count]) count+=1 else: female_students.append([s[1], count]) count += 1 N -= 1while male_students and female_students: if male_students[0][1] < female_students[0][1]: print(f"{male_students.pop(0)[0]} {female_students.pop()[0]}") else: print(f"{female_students.pop(0)[0]} {male_students.pop()[0]}")83第6章-3 列表或元组的数字元素求和
def sum_nested_numbers(data): total = 0 for item in data: if isinstance(item, (int, float)): total += item elif isinstance(item, (list, tuple)): total += sum_nested_numbers(item) return totalinput_data = eval(input()) # 从输入字符串中解析出列表或元组result = sum_nested_numbers(input_data)print(result)84第6章-4 列表数字元素加权和(1)
def calculate_weighted_sum(lst, depth=1): total = 0 for item in lst: if isinstance(item, list): total += calculate_weighted_sum(item, depth + 1) else: total += item * depth return totalinput_list = eval(input())result = calculate_weighted_sum(input_list)print(result)85第6章-5 列表元素个数的加权和(1)
def weighted_element_count(lst, depth=1): count = 0 for item in lst: if isinstance(item, list): count += weighted_element_count(item, depth + 1) else: count += depth return countinput_str = input()input_list = eval(input_str)result = weighted_element_count(input_list)print(result)86第6章-6 求指定层的元素个数
def count_integers_at_depth(X, depth): cnt = 0 for x in X: if type(x)==int: if depth == n: cnt += 1 else: cnt += count_integers_at_depth(x, depth + 1) return cntX = eval(input())n = int(input())print(count_integers_at_depth(X, 1))87第6章-7 找出总分最高的学生
num_students = int(input())student_info = {}max_total_score = -1for i in range(num_students): info = input().split() student_id = info[0] student_name = info[1] scores = list(map(int, info[2:])) total_score = sum(scores) if total_score > max_total_score: max_total_score = total_score top_student = (student_name, student_id, total_score)print("{} {} {}".format(top_student[0], top_student[1], top_student[2]))88第6章-8 输出全排列
import itertoolsn = int(input())numbers = list(range(1, n + 1))permutations = list(itertools.permutations(numbers))for perm in permutations: print("".join(map(str, perm)))89 第6章函数-1
def fn(a, n): result = 0 current_term = 0 for i in range(1, n + 1): current_term = current_term * 10 + a result += current_term return result90第6章函数-2 使用函数求素数和
# 定义一个函数 prime，用于判断一个数是否为素数def prime(p): if p <= 1: return False for i in range(2, int(p**0.5) + 1): if p % i == 0: return False return True# 定义函数 PrimeSum，用于返回区间 [m, n] 内所有素数的和def PrimeSum(m, n): prime_sum = 0 for num in range(m, n + 1): if prime(num): prime_sum += num return prime_sum91第6章函数-3 使用函数统计指定数字的个数
def CountDigit(number,digit ): numlist=list(str(number)) dig=str(digit) count=numlist.count(dig) return count92第6章函数-4 使用函数输出指定范围内Fibonacci数的个数
def fib(n): if n==0: return 1 elif n==1: return 1 else: i=2;a=1;b=1 while i<=n: a,b = b,a+b i=i+1 return bdef PrintFN(m,n): fiblist=[] a=1;b=1 while a<=n: if a>=m: fiblist.append(a) a,b=b,a+b return fiblist93第6章函数-5 使用函数求余弦函数的近似值
import mathdef funcos(eps,x): i=0;s=0;flag=1 while True: item=x**i/math.factorial(i) if abs(item)>=eps: s=s+flag*item flag=-flag i=i+2 else: break return s94第6章函数-6 缩写词
def acronym(phrase): words=phrase.split() res="" for word in words: res=res+word[0].upper() return res95第7章-1 词频统计
import re, collections, syswords = "".join([line for line in sys.stdin])words = re.compile(r"\w+", re.I).findall(words.lower().split('#')[0])words = [each.strip() for each in words]words = list(map(lambda each: each[0:15] if len(each) > 15 else each, words))counter = collections.Counter(words)rank = sorted(counter.items(), key=lambda each: (-each[1], each[0]), reverse=False)print(len(rank))for each in rank[0:int(0.1*len(rank))]: print("{}:{}".format(each[1], each[0]))