在 Vue 项目实际开发过程中,经常需要对各种各样的类型进行下载,因为我不是前端出生,就自己在网上学习最后使用到自己的项目当中,代码冗余等低级错误还请多多指导。我发现用 Blob 二进制进行文件下载的比较多,我就采用了这一方式。
下面是一份 Blob 的配置关系对应表,在我们使用Blob做下载功能时 ,根据需要下载的文件类型修改 type 值进行下载即可。
文件后缀名、文件类型、mimeType值对应关系表
后缀名 | 文件类型 | 类型(type) |
.xls | Microsoft Excel | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xlsx | Microsoft Excel (OpenXML) | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet |
.csv | CSV | text/csv |
.doc | Microsoft Word | application/msword |
.docx | Microsoft Word (OpenXML) | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
application/pdf | ||
.ppt | Microsoft PowerPoint | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
.pptx | Microsoft PowerPoint (OpenXML) | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation |
.png | 便携式网络图形(PNG) | image/png |
.gif | GIF | image/gif |
.jpeg | JPEG 图片 | image/jpeg |
.jpg | JPEG 图片 | image/jpeg |
.mp3 | MP3 音频 | audio/mpeg |
.aac | AAC 音频 | audio/aac |
.html | 超文本标记语言 (HTML) | text/html |
.css | CSS | text/css |
.js | JavaScript | text/javascript |
.json | JSON 格式 | application/json |
.abw | AbiWord 文档 | application/x-abiword |
.arc | 存档文档(多个文件嵌入) | application/x-freearc |
.avi | AVI: 音频视频交错 | video/x-msvideo |
.azw | 亚马逊Kindle电子书格式 | application/vnd.amazon.ebook |
.bin | 任何类型的二进制数据 | application/octet-stream |
.bmp | Windows OS/2位图图形 | image/bmp |
.bz | BZip 存档 | application/x-bzip |
.bz2 | BZip2 存档 | application/x-bzip2 |
.csh | C-Shell 脚本 | application/x-csh |
.eot | MS嵌入式OpenType字体 | application/vnd.ms-fontobject |
.epub | 电子出版物(EPUB) | application/epub+zip |
.htm | 超文本标记语言 (HTML) | text/html |
.ico | Icon 格式 | image/vnd.microsoft.icon |
.ics | iCalendar 格式 | text/calendar |
.jar | Java Archive (JAR) | application/java-archive |
.jsonld | JSON-LD 格式 | application/ld+json |
.mid | 乐器数字接口(MIDI) | audio/midi audio/x-midi |
.midi | 乐器数字接口(MIDI) | audio/midi audio/x-midi |
.mjs | JavaScript 模块 | text/javascript |
.mpeg | MPEG 视频 | video/mpeg |
.mpkg | 苹果安装程序包 | application/vnd.apple.installer+xml |
.odp | OpenDocument演示文档 | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation |
.ods | OpenDocument 电子表格文件 | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet |
.odt | OpenDocument 文本文档 | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text |
.oga | OGG 音频 | audio/ogg |
.ogv | OGG 视频 | video/ogg |
.ogx | OGG | application/ogg |
.otf | OpenType 字体 | font/otf |
.rar | RAR 存档 | application/x-rar-compressed |
.rtf | 富文本格式 (RTF) | application/rtf |
.sh | Bourne shell 脚本 | application/x-sh |
.svg | 可缩放矢量图形 (SVG) | image/svg+xml |
.swf | 小型web格式 (SWF) or Adobe Flash document | application/x-shockwave-flash |
.tar | Tape 归档(TAR) | application/x-tar |
.tif | 标记图像文件格式 (TIFF) | image/tiff |
.tiff | Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) | image/tiff |
.ttf | TrueType 字体 | font/ttf |
.txt | Text | text/plain |
.vsd | Microsoft Visio | application/vnd.visio |
.wav | 波形音频格式 | audio/wav |
.weba | WEBM 音频 | audio/webm |
.webm | WEBM 视频 | video/webm |
.webp | WEBP 图片 | image/webp |
.woff | 网页开放字体格式 (WOFF) | font/woff |
.woff2 | 网页开放字体格式 (WOFF) | font/woff2 |
.xhtml | XHTML | application/xhtml+xml |
.xml | XML | application/xml(普通用户不可读)、text/xml(普通用户可 |
.xul | XUL | application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml |
.zip | ZIP | application/zip |
.3gp | 3GPP audio/video 容器 | video/3gpp、audio/3gpp(不含视频) |
.3g2 | 3GPP2 audio/video 容器 | video/3gpp2、audio/3gpp2(不含视频) |
.7z | 7-zip | application/x-7z-compressed |
代码实现
HTML
文件下载按钮,data中定义的我就没有写了哈,自己定义就好了。
<el-button icon="el-icon-search" v-model="formDetail.downloadAddress" :style="{width: '60%'}" class="underline" @click="downloadExample(formDetail.assetNo,formDetail.downloadAddress)">点击下载 </el-button>
JavaScript
项目中后端返回的是文件上传成功生成的一个字符串,为了保证可以下载所有文件,需要对后缀进行截取进行判断然后取不同的new Blob,这里new Blob中后端直接返回的是文件流,所以直接用res进行获取
downloadExample(assetNo,downloadAddress){ axios({ method: "get", url: '/dev-api/directory/io/exportdemo?assetNo=' + assetNo + '&fileNo=' + downloadAddress, data: "", responseType: "blob", // 指定响应类型为二进制数据 }).then((res) => { // 下载格式为zip { type: "application/zip" } let suffix = downloadAddress.substring(downloadAddress.lastIndexOf(".")) if (suffix=='.xls'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/vnd.ms-excel"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.xlsx'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.doc'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/msword"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.docx'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.png'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "pplication/pdf"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.ppt'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.png'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "image/png"}); this.ways(blob) }else if (suffix=='.pptx'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.jpeg'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "image/jpeg"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.zip'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/zip"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.7z'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/x-7z-compressed"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='tar'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/x-tar"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); }else if (suffix=='.7z'){ let blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/x-7z-compressed"}); this.ways(blob,suffix); } }) }, ways(blob, suffix,res) { let elink = document.createElement("a"); // 创建一个<a>标签 elink.style.display = "none"; // 隐藏标签 elink.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); // 配置href // 获取后端返回的响应头中的名称 let filename = res.headers["content-disposition"]; let newFilename = filename.split(';')[1].split('=')[1]; //自定义名称 // let newFilename = "样例文件" + new Date().getTime() + suffix; //自定义名字 // let newFilename = decodeURIComponent(res.headers["content-disposition"].split(';')[1].split('=')[1]) newFilename = decodeURIComponent(newFilename); elink.download = newFilename; elink.click(); URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href); // 释放URL 对象(弹出框进行下载) document.body.removeChild(elink); // 移除<a>标签 },
拓展:如果想获取响应头中的信息比如
直接使用
res.headers["XXX"];进行获取即可。
这样就可以实现各种类型的文件的下载了,很巴适。